Holidays
Sukkot
Sukkot and Hoshana Rabba
The holiday of Sukkot is emphasized as the most universal, a time of inviting the higher into our lives. It is the only holiday where joy, or “gladness of heart,” is a direct precept. Through a process of gratitude, one can reach a true state of joy. This commandment is mentioned about seven times, highlighting that all the processes converge into this state of joy.
Hoshana Rabba is connected with the completion of the Torah reading cycle. In ancient times, this cycle of reading the Torah was completed every seven or three years, and at the end of the "shmitah year," the king would gather the people and read the Torah. This represents the readiness of the vessel to receive the Torah, bringing joy-- the joy of light, the joy of the Creator, and the joy of being able to make oneself a dwelling place for divine intention.
The Spiritual Meaning of Sukkah
Beyond the structure itself, Sukkot represents gathering and uniting. It is a festival of humanity, where the “brother and the stranger” are brought together, embodying inclusion and reconciliation.
The sukkah becomes a dwelling place not only for people but for the higher presence, symbolizing faith, eternity, and the connection between the visible and the hidden. It unites opposites-- life and death, Israel and the nations, the revealed and the concealed-- expressing a process of spiritual work and the possibility of collective renewal.
The main issue of the sukkah is the cover, "the sechach", which mainly determines whether it is valid. The cover can be built from what is thrown away or leftover and reflects what is broken or missing in ourselves.
Inner Structure of Sukkah in Kabbalah
The word "sukkah" is first examined in the Torah in the story of Jacob, where it appears as a location, a shelter for livestock, and a state of arrival or attainment. This shows that "sukkah" represents a transient structure, pointing to the impermanent nature of creation itself, where everything, including the relationship between light and vessel, is constantly changing. The sukkah symbolizes adapting the "will to receive" to the "will to bestow," showing that the world is a temporary place for spiritual growth and transformation rather than permanence. It is a metaphor for moving beyond the illusion of stability and realizing that life is for change, growth, and alignment with the Creator’s plan.
The structure of the sukkah, especially its covering ("sechach"), reflects transcending self-interest and achieving spiritual growth. Dwelling in a sukkah is not about life’s fragility but about understanding the transient nature of perception and aligning with divine purpose. Numerologically, "sukkah" unites opposites by combining the names of God-- Havayah (26) and Adonai (65) - to symbolize balance between divine governance and the potential for change in creation. The Sukkah therefore teaches faith, spiritual growth, and the unification of opposites for a higher purpose.
Sukkot and Three Lines in Kabbalah
To advance spiritually, we must break free from the fixed perceptions of reality and creation. The act of "going out" (TZE צא) symbolizes stepping away from the familiar and venturing into something new. This process involves two opposing forces—often referred to as the right and left—that must ultimately be unified within us. The left side, representing the will to receive, resists change due to its attachment to its nature, while the right side, representing the Creator, questions the need for any partnership with the will to receive. True progress requires transcending both, merging these opposing forces into one purpose.
The journey of spiritual growth is not one of comfort or settlement but rather an unsettling experience, constantly keeping us on our toes. The sukkah, with its temporary nature, reflects this journey. The Kabbalistic path teaches us that permanence lies not in the physical or mental state but in the ongoing understanding of faith and belief. This balance allows us to navigate the tension between concealment and revelation where the darkness, or lack of clarity, helps us perceive the light. In this continuous process, we experience moments of clarity followed by obscurity, but each cycle brings us closer to our purpose.
Simchat Torah
Simchat Torah, in the context of Kabbalah, is understood not as the joy people feel in the Torah, but the joy of the Torah itself. This joy is based on the idea that the Torah, as a divine presence, extends itself into our realm, especially during Sukkot. While Shavuot marks the first giving of the Torah, Simchat Torah celebrates the Torah’s success in penetrating and interacting with humanity after trials, symbolized by the second giving of the tablets. The joy is tied to Torah reaching humanity after Yom Kippur and is compared to the creation of Adam, a union of divine and human. The concepts of tselem and demut explain this relationship: tselem as the hidden divine image within creation, and demut as the human effort to embody that image through spiritual growth, forming a structure for both physical and spiritual evolution.
The Torah, particularly its oral form, is central in this process of growth and revelation. Oral Torah represents the evolving interpretation and application of the written Torah, shaped through spiritual vessels created in study. It adapts to each generation’s consciousness and capacity, serving as the medium for revealing the divine light of the written Torah. Studying Torah becomes an ongoing act of revelation, where the “returning light” of our intentions allows us to connect with the Torah’s deeper meanings across time.